Customer Satisfaction and Expectation in Hotel

Customer Satisfaction and Expectation in Hotel INTRODUCTION Hospitality is linked to Customer satisfactions because this industry produces and provides customer satisfactions. Now, Customer requirements can be both tangible and intangible but satisfying all of them and hence meeting their requirements is called customer satisfaction. To construct arguments justifying the facilities, layout and ambience of the bedroom, only using the concept as a source of examples to illustrate / support the line of argument. The emphasis is on constructing arguments to justify a detail about the concept. The concept of our hotel revolves around the theme SPORTS. We have decided to build an ALL SPORTS HOTEL in the Cardiff bay area near the millennium stadium, which would be completely focussed on the sports oriented market, for the people who have a niche for sports. Our vision is to amuse and dazzle sports fans. AIM To use and apply theoretical concepts and models to structure a discussion which critically appraises how the proposed hotel concept will meet customer expectations and satisfy customers. The main motive of this piece of work is to research in general terms about what theory says in answer to these questions: What is customer expectation and satisfaction? What are the expectations of hotel customers? What satisfies hotel customers? What is it about my concept that will result in customer satisfaction? To construct arguments justifying the facilities, layout and ambience of the bedroom, only using the concept as a source of examples to illustrate / support the line of argument. The emphasis is on constructing arguments to justify a detail about the concept. WHAT IS CUSTOMER EXPECTATION AND SATISFACTION? Customer Expectation: The definition of customer expectation according to Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (Leonard L) is: the ideas and feelings that a  customer  has about a  product  or  service, based on what he or she needs from it and  expects  it to do. (Consumer  expectation  can be formed by earlier  experiences,  marketing, what other customers say about it,  alertness  of  competitors services, and  product image. If consumer expectations are met, then customer feels satisfied.) The need, desires and ideas of a consumer about a product or facility, and what a customer wants from a service he/she is paying for is called consumer expectations. The level of consumer service is also an aspect, and a consumer might expect to meet effectiveness, cooperation, consistency, assurance in the staff, and a personal interest in his/her patronage. POSSIBLE LEVEL OF CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS AS DESCRIBED BY PARSHURAM, ZEITHAML and BERRY (LEONARD L) (figure 1): CUSTOMER SATISFACTION A business term, is a appraisal of how goods and services supplied by a company meetup or surpass customer expectation. In a aggressive market where companies compete for consumers, customer contentment is seen as a key differentiator and progressively has become a key element of industry strategy. As Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (Leonard L) emphasis, the significance of consumer satisfaction diminishes when a firm has greater than before bargaining power, because consumer satisfaction would be way too low, and consumers would easily have the alternative of leaving for an enhanced hotel offer. There is a significant body of pragmatic literature that establishes the advantages of customer satisfaction for firms. Businesses need to retain existing consumers while targeting non- consumers. Measuring client satisfaction provides a sign of how flourishing the business is at providing products and/or services to the consumers. Consumer satisfaction as described by Bluestein, Abram; M. Moriarty; R. J. Sanderson (2003) is an intangible concept and the actual sign of the state of satisfaction will vary from individual to individual and service to service. The state of satisfaction depends on some particular like both emotional and physical variables which associate with satisfaction behaviour such as return and suggest rate. The stage of satisfaction can also differ depending on other factors such as other products against which the consumer can compare the business products. Factors influencing consumer satisfaction: Product/service features. Exact products or service feature Customer emotions Attributions for service achievement or breakdown Perception of impartiality or fairness Other customers. Price Individual factors the customers mood or emotional state situational factors WHAT ARE THE EXPECTATIONS OF HOTEL CUSTOMERS? To understand the customer expectations from a hotel, we need to think from the customers point of view. When I`m a customer, i expect that i am: (methodology of customer expectations, what he expects from a particular service or hotel) 1. Attention 10. Wide Knowledgeable help 2. Competent, efficient service 11. Friendly nature of staff 3. Anticipation of customers needs 12. To be informed 4. Explanations in customers terms 13. Follow up with 5. Essential Courtesies 14. Honest 6. To be informed of the options 15. Feedback of services 7. Not to be passed around 16. Professional service 8. To be listened to (and heard) 17. Empathetic 9. Personalised attention 18. Respect The involvement of consumers in the modernization process is significant for the development of ground-breaking services and products because very often customers make substantial contributions through the articulation of idea, wishes and needs (Beiger and Graf, 2004) The majority of todays consumer have increasingly higher expectations and tend to be: Informed Confident Independent Educated Consumer-driven Not bound by traditional demographics. WHAT SATISFIES HOTEL CUSTOMERS? A customer is satisfied when his expectations are met. Customer satisfaction is met through The product itself -quality, quantity, presentation, price The service timing and speed to suit the market, efficiency, expertise of staff, appearance and social skills of staff The product support -dà ©cor, display, heating, lighting, linen, glass, cutlery, cleanliness, etc. must all support the product. From marketing viewpoint, it is important to consider the needs and requirements for customer satisfaction for at least three major reasons: People do not buy goods and services for what they are they buy them for what they do for them. Understanding what makes people tick and why they buy things makes it far more likely one will be able to satisfy those needs. If a group of customers display similar behaviours and have similar needs, they form a market segment. It is far easier, and more profitable, to supply a common range of goods and services to a group segment than to a wide-ranging set of individuals. One particular approach to people needs, which fits the hospitality industry very well, was advanced by a behavioural scientist called Abraham Maslow in 1943. He proposed a hierarchy (figure 2) of needs consisting of five levels: Maslows premise is that all of us have needs which require satisfying in ascending order, i.e. higher-level needs only emerge as those immediately proceeding are satisfied. At the base of the triangle are physiological needs of food and drink, necessary for survival. At the next level are the needs of safety and security, represented by the stability of a home, a job, and freedom from anxiety. Then come the need for love, companionship and a sense of belonging. This whole area of needs is central to the hospitality industry whether its a case of providing an intimate family meal for four or a celebration for a victorious sports team. After that is the need for esteem and status. The hospitality industry caters to the egos of its customers as much as to their stomachs, and with some justification. many people are hungrier for recognition than they are for food and drink alone. Warm, friendly greeting and the appropriate use of customers names do much to reinforce their esteem and accord them the status they seek, which gives them mental satisfaction. The need for self-actualization, the desire for self-fulfilment or being the best you can, can be met through activity breaks, featuring special interest groups fishing, golf, antique master-classes, painting, hot air ballooning. Whatever a persons hobby or interests, most activities can be catered for by the hotels over a course of year to satisfy the customer needs. The methodology discussed is actually what a customer expects from service industry. Meeting the consumer expectations will cement relations, increase their fulfilment, and retain their business. Here are six consumer expectations that are the foundation stone of exceptional service and consumer satisfaction: Well-informed and accessible staff: While a consumer is making the buying decision, they want to be well informed, available  when they want it. Friendly people:  Customers not only desire product-confident sales persons, they want them to be welcoming and polite. Value for money:  This is where money factors come in. Customers need value-for-money. Convenience:  The rule here is simple: make it easy! A fast finish:  They want thoughtful help making the right choice. Most business lose 25% of their customers annually and yet most companies spend five time as much on generating new customers on retaining existing ones. Steve Mawson (2000) explains that customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction comes more and more from the way the person is treated. Improved technology, more affluence, greater sophistication, foreign travel, intense competition all play their part in increasing customers expectations of levels of service. WHAT IS IT ABOUT MY CONCEPT THAT WILL RESULT IN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION? As I mentioned earlier, my concept of proposing a hotel in Cardiff Bay Area, Wales is of ALL SPORTS HOTEL. It is located near the Millennium stadium, Cardiff, also Cardiff City FC and Cardiff City Stadium are easily reachable. This hotel would be one of a kind in the market, and will surely attract a fair amount of market due to the immense sporting experience it would offer its customers, and also out-of-the-class facilities available at the hotel. To give a sportier feel its decided that the hotel would be stadium shaped. There would be 120 en-suites on four floors and each of them would be designed with a different theme Ground Floor It would consist of front office, cricket and football themed lobbies, sports museum, an exclusive sports merchandise shop. First Floor Designed for the people who love live for cricket, with 30 en-suites on the name of famous cricketing countries like: ENCHANTING ENGLAND INVINCIBLE INDIA With a theatre where customers can watch live cricket matches going on or specially request matches from the past, with a seating capacity of 30 people and a cricket bar. Second Floor Designed for the football crazy people, and 30 en-suites named on major teams like: CHELSEA FC MANCHESTER UNITED Theatre with 30 people capacity, live and on request matches and all football bar. Third Floor with 40 en-suites, which can be designed on the customer request if he wish to live in his favourite sports room. Like Mr Dave Andrews in presentation said that his favourite football club is BIRMINGHAM FC, so we would design a room with the Club theme, so that no guest goes away disappointed. Fourth floor with 20 en-suites, which would be highly luxurious and designed for international sporting personalities who would love to be satisfied in this all-modern sporting facility hotel. Achieving customer satisfaction can be of ease with an interesting concept like this. Experiencing sporting lifestyle with a touch of nature would be of everyones interest as it is out-of-the-box hotel concept. It is earlier discussed that when the hotel meets customers needs and expectation, customer is satisfied. Margaret M. Kappa, Aleta Nitschke and Patricia B. Schappert states that No other feature or service provided by the hotel will impress the guest than a spotlessly clean and comfortable guest room. This statement is very true because it reflects the hotels reflection and eagerness to provide services and satisfy consumers. After designing the bedroom it is the prime duty of the house keeping dept to maintain the standards. At the end of the day a hotel room is the most revenue generating sector of the hotel. The overall objective of any type of designing activity is to provide services at its best that satisfies customers. The bedroom design must be easily accepted, highly pleasing, comfort zones must be established. But at the same time one must have a clear idea of the budget issued for operations to take place and the level of services to be offered. The way designs and services are offered creates an impact on the customer expectations and satisfactions. In simple words, Designing is a process aimed at meeting customer expectations by shaping activities, resources and processes. Lets explain how a customer will be satisfied by our hotel concept, focussing on The facilities, layout and ambience of the bedroom: A football fan books a room in our hotel as his favourite team Manchester United is playing against Chelsea FC next week in the nearby stadium and is accompanied by his wife and two football maniac kids and books the MAN-U Room in the hotel. As in his booking form he filled that he is a die-hard fan of MAN-U FC and his kids love playing football too. He arrived 2 days before the event and before his arrival his expectations were LAYOUT Big Spacious room, additional rooms for kids, perfectly designed as it is an exclusive sports hotel. FACILITIES Exclusive beddings and room accessories, big TV screen in room, games for kids, 24*7 assistance, entry to exclusive football facilities available. AMBIENCE Sporty, Energetic vibrant. How was he satisfied Layout He was offered a MAN-U theme en-suite on the football floor i.e. 2nd floor for  £80 +  £40(kids room). It was a big spacious room + adjoining kids room with the balcony facing towards the millennium stadium where his favourite team MAN-U will be competing after 2 days, so that he might catch a glimpse of his favourite stars or 2. Walls were exclusively designed keeping the MAN-U theme in mind, with his favourite stars wallpapers. Walls in the kids room were specially designed keeping the MAN-U FOR KIDS theme in mind, satisfied the guest with the layout of the room. Facilities Exclusive MAN-U beddings and accessories was the room designed with. MAN-U themed curtains, alarm clock, table lamp Games for kids was pre-installed in the room, big TV screens were installed in the room as well as in the bathroom so that our guest dont even miss a bit of football and guest even enjoyed exclusive MAN-U players interviews and past matches of MAN-U free of cost. He was even offered free entry to the all-exclusive football bar which included 2 free drinks and unlimited soft-drinks/juices for kids, where he can watch and support MAN-U play with a complete stadium like scenario, satisfied his expectations for the facilities being provided. AMBIENCE The time he entered the room he noticed that the room was completely designed on his favourite team, the floor looked like artificial grass and at both the ends of the wall an imaginary goal-post were present. When he called the room service for order the attendant came dressed like a footballer and the dishes in which food was served was completely based on the theme Football. Exclusive football bar was full with fans, supporting their favourite team and enjoying with other fans. The customer expectations of ambience were also met and he was satisfied. The Guest was satisfied with the services being provided and enjoyed his stay at THE ALL SPORTS HOTEL and promised to return in near future.

Building & Maintaining Customer Relationships Essay

Company Overview Wal-Mart is the world’s largest retailer company, which has operated on the market since 1962. The existence of such type of stores on the market becomes urgent.   This phenomenon can be easily explained by the lowering standards of living and economic slowdowns. The company was found in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas (Wal-Mart, 2005). Its founder, Sam Walton opened the first distribution center in 1970, which was a starting point for further expansion, and in two years it was included in the list on the New York Stock Exchange. Today, none of the discount retailers is more popular than Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart merchandises a wide range of goods from tables to combs. Wal-Mart is the leader of the full-line discounters, with many stores cov ­ering 120,000 square feet (or more) of floor space; food accounts for about a third of floor space and sales (Wal-Mart Home Page, 2006). Acquisition Strategy Wal-Mart uses acquisition strategy as the main tool to access and penetrate new markets around the globe and expend nationally. The first wave of acquisitions took place at the end of 1970s when Wal-Mart acquired 16 Mohr-Value stores in Michigan and Illinois (1977), Hutcheson Shoe Company (1978), Woolco stores (1983), Grand Central Stores (1985), Supersaver (1988). Acquisition policy has been undoubtedly the most radical growth strategy open to management in that it represents a deliberate attempt to change the nature of the business (Is Wal-Mart Good for America, 2004). Executives at Wal-Mart spent most of 1990 trying to expand the brand’s customer base, and results have been promising. With hindsight, however, it is clear that Wal-Mart paid too much for the acquisitions. As noted previously, Wal-Mart is currently in the midst of its own financial retrenchment. Acquisition policy occurs when the new business is related in some way to the old one. The opening up of the market and the resultant increased competition has widened the perspective of the planning framework with profound implications for Wal-Mart. During this period of time, Wal-Mart acquired Western Merchandisers, Inc and McLane Company of Temple (1990),   28 units from The Wholesale Club, Inc (1991). During 1990s, Wal-Mart has used acquisition strategy to expand internationally and acquired 122 Woolco stores in Canada (1994), opened new stores in Puerto-Rico (1992) and penetrates Korean and Chinese markets through joint venture strategy, and entered German market in acquiring Wertkauf (1998) and Interspar (1999). For instance, acquisition with Woolco stores allowed Wal-Mart to subject to a complex regulate framework whereas others are less so (Watch Out Europe: Here Comes Wal-Mart, 1999). Still, even if it is possible to predict the needs of customer there are some threats and new opportunities, which should be taken into consideration (Oliva, n.d.). There are no specific regulations governing the goals and structures of the industry, there is no constitutional restrictions or legislative mandate that restricts acquisition (Bianco, Zellner, 2003). In October 09 2006.Black Agenda Radio reported that Wal-Mart was going to enter Australian market making its first acquisition in Australia this year. They announced that Wal-Mart made investments in Brazilian retail chain Sonae and Central American Retail Holding Company (CARHCO). Also, â€Å"On 28 July 2006, Wal-Mart announced it will exit the German retail market by selling its 85 â€Å"Supercenters† to retailer Metro AG on the back of pre-tax losses of approximately U.S. $1 billion on its German operations† (Wal-Mart’s Germany Exit, 2006). So, acquisition strategy employed by Wal-Mart provides the buyer with quick growth as well as access to existing brand suppliers, distributors, and goods. Retention Strategy Unlike the transactional, functionally-orientated approach, relationship marketing in food retailing industry is a cross-functional process concerned with balancing marketing efforts among key markets. To create a winning customer retention strategy, Wal-Mart expends its product lines and improves its customer services. For instance, Wal-Mart implemented RFDI solutions and handheld computers linked to in-store computers which helped to transform its business worldwide (RFID to Transform, 2004). The strength of retention strategy is that it is on average as dependent on reliable information technology as any other businesses. They care more about reliable service and confidence than about the lowest price. The company implemented IT supply chain solutions and Internet facilities in order to meet customers’ needs and requirements. A critical issue within the customer market domain in the USA is to ensure that customer retention as well as customer acqui ­sition is emphasized. Recognition of the significant link between customer retention and profitability is leading to new and better strategies for strengthening customer satisfaction and loyalty (RFID to Transform Real-Time, 2004). Branding, advertising, promotion, and additional services to customers and product innovation strengthen the company’s image (Sell Your Product, †¦ 2004). In-Store Checkout TV Channels are introduced in different locations around the country aimed improve customer service and engage customers in buying process. This strategy decreases time and efforts that customers must expend to learn about the products. Wal-Mart reduces prices seasonally in order to attract new customers and benefit existing buyers. Wal-Mart’s customers evaluate an item of a given specification in terms of its total expected costs, i.e. acquisition price plus any necessary additional expenses associated with an item: it can be installation, running and maintenance costs, all discounted to the present time in order to take account of cash flows over a period of time. In the same way the cost of a transport movement or service may be expressed in terms of the original price of acquisition plus any additional and necessary costs or expenses (Brown Quintin, 2000). It is possible to distinguish two aspects of costs: price and expenses. Trying to provide customer service an organization considers these two measurements. In evaluating an organization, customers consider or respond to these two measurements. Mobile computing and increased staffing for weekends help to overcome retention and improve customer service (The Big Secret Is Continue†¦ 2006). Strengths and Weaknesses of Wal-Mart’s Acquisition and Retention The main strength of Wal-Mart acquisition and retention strategies is that they improve company’s position on the market; they are customer-oriented and help Wal-Mart to expend internationally. Also, the management team of Wal-Mart takes into consideration that direct Investment involves sev ­eral distinct forms. Ranging from a sales/marketing subsidiary through to a fully operational manufacturing unit producing the same products as the domestic plant, investment includes product specific manufacturing units, plants producing components and facilities which simply assemble products in the end-user market (Davison, Smith, 2005). At the very beginning the strengths included high potential to growth and profitability of the company, and professional management team, customer loyalty and excellent service. It is targeted at the customers, which buy discounted and unpackaged goods from manufactures at extremely low prices (The Ever-Expanding Empire, 2004). For Wal-Mart, acquisition and retention strategies help to save millions of dollars on advertising and market penetration. Wal-Mart plans on a combination of forecasting and budgeting systems can only work if the future is going to be the same as the present or the past. Wal-Mart will succeed in redu ­cing costs in the next few years of the decade by international acquisition strategies. The main weaknesses include negative attitude of foreign competitors and strict government regulations restricted foreign ownership in some countries. For instance, in 2002 Wal-Mart’s attempts to buy Supermercados Amigo in Puerto Rico were blocked in order to prevent anti-competition policies and foreign dominance of Wal-Mart. Also, Wal-Mart has made attempts to acquire Ahold’s operations in Argentina, Brazil and Peru. Another weakness of Wal-Mart is comparatively low wages which increase dissatisfaction with its policies (Is Wal-Mart Good for America, 2004). This situation negatively affects company’s image and causes critics in press. Changes in legislation and international regulations can weaken Wal-Mart’s global presence and limits its acquisition plans. For instance, the end of 1990s was marked by the changes on the European market which altered many of the parameters of competition and thus enforced a period of reassessment and adaptation (Person of the Week, 2006). Recommendations Taking into account current acquisition and retention strategies and activities, the best collusions for Wal-Mart are planning for com ­petitiveness and are actively involved in re-investing profits in new critical assets. Wal-Mart may choose to concentrate on its core strengths and rationalize its portfolio, focus its activities on a particular geographic area or centre on a particular user segment. Wal-Mart, as a result of being able to adapt to changing competitive demands, is likely to survive in the long term. The changes can be incremental or major in their nature, but each type provides specific advantages to deliver customer satisfaction. It is possible to conclude that effective international and national marketing depends upon effective marketing system employed by a company. The company needs better management facilities outside the USA to control and monitor performance around the world. For Wal-Mart acquisition should be key market-entry strategy that entails purchasing multiple existing outlets in a foreign and domestic market. CRM (customer relationship management) can be seen as one of the main tool to improve current service and attract potential target audience. Maintenance of high standards is a key factor to improve customer service. References Bianco, A., Zellner, W. â€Å"Is Wal-Mart too powerful?† Business Week, October 6, 2003, p.5. The Big Secret Is Continue to Do What You Do Best. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), November 28, 2005, p. 3. Black Agenda Radio. Wal-Mart’s siege in Chicago. KPFK, October 09, 2006. Brown, R., St Quintin, R.E. Distribution Sector Faces Major Impact. The Birmingham Post (England), February 17, 2000, p. 41. Davison, J., Smith, S.E. (2005). â€Å"Wal-Mart Finds Dominance Harder to Achieve in Europe†. 2 Sept. Gartner Research. Available at: gartner.com/resources/ 130800/130826/walmart_finds_d.pdf The Ever-Expanding Empire; after Wal-Mart Chief Talks to Key Men in Europe He Has a Big Message for His Shareholders. The Evening Standard (London, England), May 27, 2004, p. 40. Is Wal-Mart Good for America? TV program Online Nov 16, 2004. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/ 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oliva, S.M. Price Check on Antitrust: WalMart’s Acquisition of Britain’s Safeway PLC. Capitalism Magazine. Available at: http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=2394 Person of the Week. Braun and Dolores Hummel. ABC’s World News Tonight. Monday, October 09, 2006. RFID to Transform Real-Time Business across Industries; SAP Exec Says Technology Has a Big Future Business Impact. Manila Bulletin August 30, 2004, p. 4 Sell Your Product the Wal-Mart Way. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), September 13, 2004, p. 3. Wal Mart. 2005. May, 21. Available at: http://www.datamonitor.com/~e923bef8274740fc8a14e76a70d51687~/companies/company/?pid=8046847E-B325-4AF0-BC79-48100850E764 Watch Out Europe: Here Comes Wal-Mart. Business Week Online. June 28, 1999. Available at: http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_26/b3635129.htm Wal-Mart Home Page. 2006. Available at: http://www.walmartstores.com/wmstore/wmstores/HomePage.jsp Wal-Mart’s Germany Exit Reflects on Its Market Entry Strategy. 2006. Gartner. Available at: http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?doc_cd=142370   

A Comparison between Jails and Prisons Essay

Abstract This paper will demonstrate the comparison between jails and prisons. A description of jail’s and how corrections played a role will be explained, in addition to the history of jails and prison. Also a summary of the state and federal prison history will explained, as well as the comparisons of the similarities between security level jails, state prisons, and federal prisons. Finally, an explanation of factors influencing growth in jails, state prisons, and federal prisons will be discussed. â€Å"Jails are locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before or after adjudication† (Seiter, 2011). From a correctional stand point, jails serve a range of functions and possess a variety of categories which includes: individuals pending arraignment, awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing: mentally ill people who are pending their movement to a suitable mental health facility: inmates pending transfer to federal, state, or criminal justice authorities: inmates who are sentenced no longer than one year: probation, parole, and bail bond violators, and juveniles who are pending transfer to juvenile authorities. These categories make the operation of current jails very complicated and require systems, staff, and facilities that are amenable to accommodate those innumerable demands. They have several diverse terms that are used to label facilities that handle these specific functions such as: correctional centers, house of corrections, and detention facili ties. During historic times there has been a substantial difference between federal and state prison systems. State crimes consisted of murder, assault, robbery, theft, and burglary. Federal crimes consisted of white collar crimes, fraud, or treason. Over the past decades Congress federalized crimes such as bank robbery, kidnapping the distribution of drugs, and murder of public officials. As a result of this, there is less discrepancy between the types of inmates in state and federal prisons than in the past. In the late 1800’s, offenders were housed in state prisons if their sentence was for more than one year. After the U.S. Department of Justice was established in 1870, a select official was responsible for the â€Å"care and custody† of all federal prisoners. Although, state prisons became overcrowded, the states became indisposed to house federal offenders and insisted the Department of Justice to establish facilities to maintain federal inmates. This led to Congress passing the Three Penitentiary Act. This act authorized the production of three penitentiaries to house federal offenders. â€Å"These three prisons served the needs of the federal government and housed almost all federal inmates for several decades (Seiter, 2011). The three penitentiaries became crowded therefore; in 1925 Congress authorized the creation of a reformatory for males between the ages of seventeen and thirty. Two years later a federal prison for women was established in 1927. Today the federal prison system is a nationwide system of prisons and detention facilities for incarceration of inmates who are sentenced for federal crimes and for the detention of the offenders awaiting trial or sentencing in federal court. Federal prison camps are established to be minimum-security institutions. These institutions have dormitory housing, low number in staff, and limited or no perimeter fencing. Federal correctional institutions are considered low security prisons. These institutions are double fenced, mostly dormitory housing, and a higher staff ratio than minimum security facilities. Most adult prisoners who are serving more than one year are housed in facilities that are run by the state. â€Å"As of June 30, 2008, the states operated almost one thousand two hundred fifty prisons are holding approximately 1.41 million inmates (Seiter, 2011). Each state adopts its own penal code that specifies what acts are considered felonies, what extent of sentences is available for each category of crime, and what type if sentencing configuration it will have. The state prison system security level classifications are similar to the federal prison system. One key difference is that many states have central reception centers, which all inmates are placed until classified. When the inmates arrive at the reception center they receive a security classification to clarify which prison they will be assigned. The ideal purpose of security classification is to counterpart offenders to institutions that have the physical security and staff resources to avoid escape and control their behavior. Over the past years, the prison population has grown due to an increase in violence and other major crimes. For instance, Louisiana has had over fifty killings this year compared the forty killings that took place for the entire last year. Louisiana’s prison population is crowded and overcrowded at some institutions. â€Å"At mid-year 2002, the population of the nation’s prisons and jails for the first time reached two million† (Seiter, 2011). The growth of prison incarceration continues to grow every twenty years. Over the years, jurisdiction has tried to come up with a solution to solve its jail crowding problem. They thought building new facilities would be the answer to their problems but they were wrong. Many factors influenced that decision including politics and budget challenges. In conclusion, jails and prisons are similar. Prisons are more populated than jails. The reader should understand the difference between federal and state prisons and local jails. Also the history of how federal and state prisons were explained to let the reader know how and where the prisons derived from and how they evolved into what they are today. Works Cited Seiter, R. P. (2011). Corrections: An Introduction (3rd ed.). : Prentice Hall.

The World May Never Know - 1053 Words

Madelyn Russo Mrs. Seidel English 2 4 May 2015 9/11: The World May Never Know As defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary, a conspiracy theory is â€Å"a theory that explains an event or situation as the result of a secret plan by usually powerful people or groups.† Conspiracy theories can be found all over the world.They are an inevitable part of society. As long as mankind exists, conspiracy theories will as well. The main things that people form conspiracy theories around are things such as government operations, the deaths of famous people, and national tragedies. Staying true to this statement, one of the most prominent national tragedies that isconspired about all over the world is the series of attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. There are many conspiracy theories concerning 9/11. These theories include the proposals that 9/11 was faked and that the planes were actually missiles. Some conspirators even go as far as saying that the planes were just projections from a hidden projector device. Out of all of these conspiracy theories, the most plausible of all is the one that states that the twin towers did not just randomly collapse. This theory states that the twin towers were demolished with the use of explosives. Society will never be able to be fully certain about the events that occurred on that horrid day. With signs pointing to both the affirmative and the negative, one cannot be certain of whether or not this conspiracy theory is true.Show MoreRelatedIn Expanding the Field of Knowledge We but Increase the Horizon of Ignorance (Henry Miller) Is This True?1651 Words   |  7 PagesWhat can you walk towards forever and never reach? The answer is simple: the horizon. The use of the horizon as a metaphor for knowledge is very accurate, depending on how one perceives knowledge. 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That is the only thing which the mind can never exhaust, never alienate, never be tortured by, never fear or distrustRead MoreWhat If Paul Had Never Converted From Christianity?854 Words   |  4 PagesWhat If Paul Had Never Converted to Christianity? If Paul had never converted to Christianity things would be very different. Paul played a pivotal role in spreading Christianity. Without Paul s influence the Roman Empire might still believe in Roman Mythology. Paul heavily influenced Christianity through traveling and teaching. Without Paul s existence things would be very different. Paul s original name was Saul. Saul started out hating and persecuting Christians. Saul had a big conversionRead MoreDescaetes: What Is Error? Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pageswould never want us to error, so Descartes concludes that the source of error has to be ourselves. In order to set the foundation for humans to be the sources of error, in mediations three and four, Descartes differentiates between the thought of ideas and judgments. Ideas are a person’s own thoughts that do not refer to anything else; they cannot be true or false. For example, one can be thinking of an idea of a unicorn or of a ghost, as either cannot be proven real or false in the real world; theyRead MorePrompt Hooked On Monkey Fonics Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagessecondary groups are â€Å"made up of people who interact in a relatively impersonal way, usually to carry out some specific task.† (Croteau and Hoynes 2015). Examples of secondary agents are places of employment, school, peer groups. Although one agent may be more important than the other, they both play a large role in sociology today. These agents help us to better understand why people act or deal with things differently than another would. PRIMARY AGENTS From watching the â€Å"Hooked on Monkey Fonics†Read MoreNever Let Me Go, By Kazuo Ishiguro1068 Words   |  5 PagesAs the world keeps aging, science will keep growing with the use of technology. Scientists have tried the process of cloning for many, many years and while time has passed, scientists have been increasingly getting better at cloning and thus attempting more complicated cloning. In the 2005 novel, Never Let Me Go, human clones are created to be organ donors for humans that need an organ transplant in order to survive. Clones look like humans, have feelings like humans but are not necessarily lookedRead MoreSocrates And The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1097 Words   |  5 Pagesworth living†, â€Å"the unexamined life† means people have no question, they never question the life, and they don’t want to know about the truth, and they don’t know who they are. Those people just get up every day, go to work and go to sleep, keep repea ting these and never wonder what is the meaning of their life. On the other hand, the examined life is that people always searching for reasons, they know who they are, and they know who they want to be and keep working hard, try to improve themselves.Read MoreCause And Effect Of Depression1695 Words   |  7 Pagesthese opportunities. They seem hazy, possibly even nonexistent. Some opportunities may be simple, such as seeing the sunrise the next day, or even the idea of finally achieving a lifelong dream. Any opportunity is worthy. Most often, suicidal thoughts and actions are the result of feeling like you can no longer cope. It may seem as if there is nowhere else to go when faced with what seems to be a situation that may never end, or have any chances of improving and that you don t have hope for the futureRead MoreLike Father, Like Son1406 Words   |  6 Pagessurvival in a post-apocalyptic era. The majority of this struggle revolves around the lack of food in the world and the boy’s constant fear of life itself. In order to combat these struggles, the man is forced to have all faith and must keep trekking forward to teach his son never to give up on life. Although throughout the novel, these constant challenges never seem to be conquerable, the man never seems to lose hope up until the moment that he dies. The boy who acts cowardly and frightened during hisRead MoreCritical Analysis of Frustration1394 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Frustration† By Isaac Asimov Name: Joshua Hilstad Thesis Statement: Wars can never be justified by one person, or group, thinking they are better than someone else, but unfortunately the human characteristic of self-righteousness never changes. The concept of this story is that war can never be justified through self-righteousness. That is, if a person is trying to start a war because he thinks himself to be better than his target